Apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils



July 17, 1923.

L. H. MANNING APPARATUS FOR TREATING HYD ROCARBON OILS Filed April 16 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 70 C Glam 6:16

v amnion July 17, 1923.

L. H. MANNING APPARATUS FOR TREATING HYDROCARBON OILS Filed r l 16. 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 attoz net 1S liquid oil to obtain lighter products without atented July 17, 1923.

LEVI H, MANNING, OF TUCSON, ARIZOI WA.

APPARATUS FQR TREATING HYDROCARBON OILS.

Application filed April 16, 1921.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Lnvr H. MANNING, a citizen of the United States, residing at Tucson, in the county of Pima and State of Arizona, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Treating Hydrocarbon Oils, of which the followin is a specification.

lhis invention relates to apparatus for heat treating hydrocarbon oils to obtain different materials, and in particular, the apparatus relates to means for producing low boiling hydrocarbon oils from relatively high boiling petroleum oils.

The features of the invention include details of apparatus for cracking petroleum oil, by which means it is possible to treat the usual trouble resulting from carbon deposits.

One particular feature provides for the treatment of liquid oil in such a way that carbon and heavy material is moved to points of relative quiet for removal, while the other portions of a mass of liquid oil are subjected to a pulsating agitating movement within prescribed limits, as contrasted to a flowing movement, and at the same time that the portion undergoin agitation is subjected to a heat treatment. %his feature also provides that no heat shall be applied to the portions not undergoing agitation and to that part of the apparatus where the mass of oil is relatively quiet.

Details of the apparatus provide for the use of particular elliptically shaped discs or vanes mounted on a rotary shaft andarranged to revolve therewith within a tubular still which has a bore approximately that of the shorter diameter of the vanes. These peculiarly shaped vanes and their mounting on the shaft make pomible the pulsating movement of the oil and also provide for the agitating movement in situ of cleaner members located between the vanes and propelled thereby.

The invention provides also for the continuous operation of the apparatus and any rocess which may be performed therein and or the continuous introduction and with drawal of material treated and produced.

The'above and other features and details of the invention are described and claimed in the accompanying specification and claims Serial No. 461,995.

and illustrated in the accompanying draw- 1n sin which 7 igure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus showing the relative position of the parts and indicating in dotted lines the relation of the furnace structure and heating means to the other portions of the apparatus;

Figure 2 is. an enlarged view of one of the retort tubes, partly broken away and partly in section, showing the mounting of the vanes within the cracking tube and between the downwardly projecting pipes for the removal of solid material;

Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the side of one of the elliptical agitator scraper vanes;

Figure 4 is a front view taken axially of the vane shown in Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a view of the rotatable shaft removed from one of the treatment tubes and showing the splines which are adapted to engage the keyway of the vanes; and

F1gure 6 is a view of the vane shown in Figure 4 taken at right angles to the plane of the vane, and showing the elliptical contour of the periphery of the vanes.

- Like reference characters indicate like parts in the various figures of the drawings.

Referring in detail to the construction illustrated in the drawings, 1 represents the masonry construction, either concrete, stone or bri A suitable stack is provided for leading oil the furnace fumes, smoke, and gases of combustion. A source of heat is provided by burners,ilnot shown, located at the lower part of the furnace and supplied with liquid fuel by pipes 3 communicating with the point of removal of waste oil from the apparatus, as will be described. Individual branch pipes 3 are connected with the burner supply pipes 3 and are provided with independent valves 3 for regulating the supply of burning oil to the burners. An additional valve 3" is located in the pipe 3 and may be used for regulating the use of either one of two burners and the connection between such burners and the branch pipes 3. The flame and hot gases from the burner nozzles is projected inwardly and passed upwardly in the furnace to ultimately escape through the stack 2. During the upward movement, the heat comes. into direct contact with the exterior of a plurality of longitudinally positioned retort tubes, as willbe described.

The drawing illustrates two cracking tubes or retort tubes 4 and 5, ositioned one above the other and substantlall horizontally. The number of tubes mig t well be limited to one or increased to three or four, providing the heating arrangements and me chanical features could be satisfactorily o erated. Within the tubes 4 and '5 are tie combined agitator scraper vanes or discs 4 and 5, mounted on and adapted to turn with their respective shafts 4 and 5 respectively. Suitable journal boxes or stufiing boxes are indicated for the respective shafts at 4 and 5. The details of the construction and shape of the vanes constitute an important feature of the present invention. Referring particularly to Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5, it will be noted that each vane is mounted on the shaft at an angle to the shaft and that each substantiall fills the bore of the cylindrical tube. l ach vane is elliptical in shape and has substantially the same shape as that of an inclined section taken through the cylindrical tube within which it is mounted. Thus in Figure 6 there is shown the .exact relative dimensions of the vane, and in Figure 4 the longer dimension is shortened, because the view is taken axially instead of at right angles as in Fi ure 6. Each vane has a hub portion 4 aving right angle shoulders 4 which are adapted to engage corresponding shoulders on adjacent vanes when the apparatus is in its assembled form. The shaft 4 is provided with longitudinally extending splines 4 adapted to engage the keyway slot or groove 4 provided in the axial opening of the vanes. Each vane is also provided with a plurality of perforations 4 through which oil may be forced during the operation of the apparatus, as will be described.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, 6 indicates a communicating tube extending from the retort tube 4 to the retort tube 5 and located at the left side of the structure a-djacent the ends of the tubes. A similar communicating tube 6 is provided adjacent the opposite ends of the tube. It will be observed that the agitating scraper vanes are not positioned opposite the communicating tubes 6 and 6. At the left hand end of the lower tube 5 is a draw off pipe 7 for removing carbon and relatively heavy material which may be formed during the operation of the apparatus. A similar draw off pipe 7 is provided at the opposite end of the lower tube 5. Valves 8 and 8 are provided on the respective pipe 7 and 7". The operation provides for the use of the heavy material which is withdrawn for fuel in the burners beneath the apparatus and to this end a pipe 9 is connected to the pipes 7 and 7* and conducts this fuel material to reeaoee the burner supply pipe 3 and its branch pipe 3. Valves 9 are provided for regulating the admission of waste material from the pipes 7 and 7 to the pipe 9.

At the top of the system of cracking tubes and above the furnace 1 is positioned a large reservoir or expansion chamber 10 which communicates with the top of each end of the upper cracking tube 4 by means of the pipes 11 and 11 leading from the lower side and opposite ends of the chamber 10. A series of test drain pipes provided with suitable valves are indicated at 10 at different elevations on the chamber to determine the height of oil therein and the nature of the oil at different heights. Additional means for determining the height of oil within the chamber is indicated at 10 in which a float, shown in dotted lines, within the chamber .operates an indicating arrow on the outside of the chamber by means of a connecting lever. Oil is conducted from an oil tank or other suitable source of supply, not shown, through the pipe 12 to a pump 13 which is'adapted to force the oil against the pressure within the apparatus upwardly through. the pipe 14, past the valve 15 and through the pipe 15 to the top of the ex pansion chamber 10, or directly into the communicating pipe 6 by being led into the pipe 16 past the valve 16. Operation of the valves 15 and 16 will regulate the point and volume of the flow of untreated fresh oil through either one or both of the pipes 15 and 16 respectively. Immediately above the expansion chamber 10 are the upwardly extending vapor removing pipes 17, 17 and 17 which are connected to the pipe 18 by means of a regulating valve 18, and all materials in an aeriform condition are led through the pipe 18 to a condenser, not shown. An additional pipe connection is lllfi indicated at 19 on the upper side of the expansion chamber 10 and may serve to connect the apparatus" to any suitable reflux condenser, not shown;

Drive means fordriving the shafts 4 and 5 is provided by a main drive belt 20 connected to any suitable source of power, not shown, and which passes over a pulley wheel '21 which is mounted to turn a shaft 22. A

tween the parallel blades of the combined agitator and scraper vanes are metal balls 27 which remain in the retort tubes in their respective positions between the vanes and are moved back and forth .in these fixed restricted locations during the rotation of the vanes. situ and are free to roll and tumble within prescribed limits, namely between adjacent vanes.

In the revolution of the shafts 4 and 5 the movement of the vanes performs a function which is peculiar to the present inven- ,tion. Referrin particularly to the view in 'Figure 2, it will be noted that the space between A and D is scraped by the vane connected by lines from these letters. Likewise, it will be noted that the lines from the letters B and D- dropped from the extreme upper tips of the vanes which are adjacent pass through substantially the center po nt of the vane next to the right, and that a line taken upwardly as from C from the lower tip of one vane is spaced slightly from the line taken from B and does not touch the upper tip of the second vane to the left but barely misses the second vane. In a single revolution of the shaft 4 or 5 with its vanes that portion of the wall of the cylindrical cracking tubes is scraped four times within the space between the lines A-B and CD, and the portion between the lines B and C and the port-ion opposite the extreme tip of the vanes is scraped tw ce. This is made possible because of the mclined position of the vanes. their close parallel relation, and their particular elliptical shape. This multiple scraping action may be understood better by observing that the portions between A and B and between C and D is engaged once by each of the two sides of the vane, as for instance the points X and Y on the vane shown in Figure 6, and also by the corresponding points on the lower end of the vane next to the right, which latter points will underlie or be opposite to the points X and Y. when X and Y are located in any position or at the top as shown in Figure 2.

The operation of the movement of oil into and out of the apparatus. andthe treatment of the fresh material within the retort cylinder tubes may be understood from the following description. Oil is introduced through the pipes 15 or 16 in sufficient quantity to have the retort tube in the furnacepreferably full of oil. and preferably the oil is in sufiicient quantity to substantially half fill the expansion chamber 10, which latter also serves as a reservoir. During the operation of theapparatus and the process which would be performed thereby. oil flows downward through the pipes 11 and 11 and into the treatment tubes 4: and 5. The revolution of the agitating scraper vanes causes a pulsating movement of the oil back and forth and is to be contrasted to a conveyor action. It will be noted that the ends of the retort tubes are not provided Thus the balls have a movement in.

with agitator scraper vanes and that these vanes do not extend over the openings of pipes 6 and 69, and 7 and 7, but are positioned between such points. There is, there fore, a region of relative 'quiet-inthe oil at these points such as will permit the. settling out of carbon and relatively heavy material formed during the' retort and cracking treatment. At the same time it has been found that the agitation of the oil during the revolution of the vanes serves to keep any carbon formed in suspension in the oil. and to pass such relatively solid material to points of relative quiet, that is to the ends of the tubes and to points adjacent the withdrawal pipes 6 and 6. and 7 and .7, down through which pipe openings the ear bon and solid material is permitted to gravitate to ultimately be withdrawn for use as fuel in the apparatus or for other treatment. It will be observed that the. operation provides an unusually efficient scraping apparatus without requiring any conveying action of the oil through the treatment tubes, and this combined agitation and scraping movement is believed to be one explanation of the unusually satisfactory results which the apparatus has made possible. The openings in the agitator scraper vanes permit the escape of portions of the oil endwise in the tubes. and this may explain the performance by which the carbon is permitted to settle at the points of relative quiet at the ends of the-tubes. The presence of the balls, preferably steel balls, 27 assists in cut-ting carbon formations from the interior of the cylinder walls and also from the surface of the agitator scraper vanes. The combined action of the agitator is thus to scrape the interior of the tube walls and also to serve the function of keeping the carbon and heavy material in suspension until it reaches the points of rest and rela-' tive quiet in the region of the outlet pipes. The continuous operation provides for the constant removal of acriforni material from the upper side of the expansion chamber and discharge of such material through the pipe 18 to a condenser. and during this movement a continuous withdrawal of carbon audheavy material which constantly settles in the region of quiet above the ends of the withdrawal pipes 7 and 7. The rate of withdrawal of aeriform material andof waste material. and the rate of introduc tion of heat treated oil is dependent on the size of the apparatus and the relative production as result of a particular temperature treatment. pressure and atmospheric conditions. The valves governing the inlet and outlet pipes may therefore be adjusted to suit such conditions.

The apparatus and theprocess have been satisfactorily operated in a plant having retort tubes ten feet long and'having a six inch bore, arranged substantially as illustrated. The vanes substantially filled this bore and had a close fitting engagement with the tube walls which was sufficient to provide a positive scraping action, but. not sufficient to bind the vanes and hinder the revolution of the shaft. The invention provides forcranking and the production of light materials from relatively heavy, and has operated satisfactorily at temperatures ranging from 700 F. upward in treating California oils of various qualities. By providing for the application of heat to those portions only where there wasa scraping and agitating action it has been possible to permit the settling action of the relatrally through the length of .said chamber,

and a series of vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane having its broader face transverse to the axis of said shaft and being positioned at an inclined angle to the axis of said shaft.

2. In an apparatus for heat treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, means for heating the exterior of'said chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, and a series of vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at an inclined angle to the axis of said shaft and extending across substantially all the.

bore of said chamber.

3. In an apparatus for heat treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, means for heating the exterior of said chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, and a series of vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being elliptical in shape and inclined to said shaft.

4. In an apparatus for heat treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber,-means for heating the exterior of said chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, and a series of parallel vanes spaced apart and fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being elliptical in shape and inclined to said shaft.

5. In anapparatus for heat treating hydrocarbonoils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, means for heating the exterior of said chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, and a series of combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at an inclined angle to the axis of said shaft and extending across substantially all thebore of said chamber. a

In an apparatus for heat treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, means for heating the exterior of said chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, and a series of combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being elliptical in shape and inclined to said shaft.

7. In an apparatus for heat treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, means for heating the exterior of said chamber, a rotatable shaftextending centrally through the length of said chamber, and a series of combined agitating and scraping means fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, said vanes being spaced apart and each being elliptical in shape and inclined to said shaft.

8. In an apparatus for heat treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical chamber, an elliptically shaped agitating vane, inclined to the axis of said chamber, and on theinterior of said chamber, said vane and said chamber being rotatable with respect to each other, and means for applying heat directly to the exterior of said chamber.

9. In an apparatus for heat treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical chamber, an elliptically shaped agitating vane in the interior of said chamber and mounted to retate on an axis inclined to the plane of the vane, and means for applying heat directly to the exterior of said chamber.

10. In an apparatus for heat treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the lengthof said chamber, and a series of parallel elliptically shaped vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at such an angle to said shaft that a line taken fronrthe extreme end of each vane at right angles to said shaft would intersect the next adjacent vane.

11. In an apparatus for treating hydro-- carbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally'through the length of said chamber, and a series of parallel elliptically shaped vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at such an angle to said shaft that a line taken from the extreme end of each vane at right angles to said shaft would intersect the next adjacent vane at about the axis thereof.

12. In an apparatus for treating hydror carbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber,

a rotatablesha-ft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, and a series of parallel elliptically shaped combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at such an angle to said shaft that a line taken from the extreme end of each vane at right angles to said shaft would intersect the next adjacent vane at about the axis thereof.

14. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils. a c lindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of parallel elliptically shaped combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith. each vane being positioned at such an angle to said shaft that a line taken from the extreme end of each vane at right angles to said shaft would intersect the next adjacent vane, and means to heat said chamber by heat applied to the exterior of said chamber walls.

15. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamher, a rotatable shaft extending cent-rally through the length of said chamber, a series of parallel elliptically shaped combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at such an angle to said shaft that a line taken from the extreme end of' each vane at right angles to said shaft would intersect the next adj accut vane at about the axis thereof. and means to heat said chamber by heat applied to the exterior of said chamber walls.

16. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at an inclined angle to the axis of said shaft, and a freely movable cleaner clement positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

17. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamher. a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at an lnclined angle to the axis of said shaft and entending across substantially allthe bore of said chamber, and a freely movable cleaner element positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

18. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being elliptical in shape inclined to said shaft, and a freely movable cleaner element positioned between adjacent members 'of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

19. In 'an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, acylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of parallel vanes spaced apart and fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being elliptical in shape inclined to said shaft, and a freely movable cleaner element positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

20. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at an inclined angle to the axis of said shaft and extending across substantially all the bore of said chamber, and a freely movable metal ball cleaner element positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

21. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being elliptical in shape andinclined to said shaft, and a freely movable metal ball cleaner element positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanesand adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

22. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, said vanes being spaced apart and each being elliptical in shape and inclined to said shaft, and a freely movable met-a1 ball cleaner element positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

23. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of parallel elliptically shaped vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at such an angle to said shaft that a line'taken from the extreme end of each vane at right angles to said shaft would intersect the next adjacent of parallel elliptically shaped vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at such an angle to said shaft that a line taken from -the extreme end of each vane at'right angles to said shaft would intersect the next adjacent vane at about the axis thereof, and a freely movable cleaner element positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

. 25. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of parallel elliptically shaped combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at such an angle to said shaft that a line taken from the extreme end of each vane at right angles to said shaft would intersect the next adjacent vane, and a freely movable cleaner element positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

26. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of parallel elliptically shaped combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at such an angle to said shaft that a line taken from the extreme end of each vane at right angles to said shaft would intersect the next adjacent vane at about the axis thereof, and a freely movable cleaner element positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

27. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at an inclined angle to the axis of said shaft and extending across substantially all the bore of said chamber, means to heat said chamber by heat applied to the exterior of said chamber walls, and a freely movable metal ball cleaner element positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

28. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of com bined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being elliptical in shape and inclined to said shaft, means to heat said chamber by heat applied to the exterior of said chamber walls, and a freel movable metal ball cleaner element (positioned between adjacent members of sai series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

29. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, acylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of combined agitating and scraping means fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, said vanes being spaced apart and each being elliptical in shape and inclined to said shaft, means to heat said chamber by heat applied to the exterior of said chamber walls, and a freely movable metal ball cleaner clement positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ during the movement of said shaft.

30. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of parallel elliptically shaped combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at such an angle to said shaft that a line taken from the extreme end of each vane at right angles to said shaft would intersect the next adjacent vane, means to heat said chamber by heat applied to the exterior of said chamber walls, and a freely movable metal ball cleaner element positioned between adjacent members of said series of vanes and adapted tomove in situ during the movement of said shaft.

31. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a cylindrical treatment chamber, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of parallel elliptically shaped combined agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft to rotate therewith, each vane being positioned at such an angle to said shaft that a line taken from the extreme end of each vane at right angles to said shaft would intersect the next adjacent vane at about the axis thereof means to heat said chamber by heat applied to the exterior of said chamber walls, an'd a freely movable metal ball cleaner element positioned between adjacentmembers of said series of vanes and adapted to move in situ duringthe movement of said shaft.

32. In an apparatus for heat treating hydrocarbon oils, a tubular treatment chamber, means for heating the exterior of said chamher, and a movable elliptically shaped perforate agitating vane within said chamber, inclined to the'longitudinal center thereof, and having all of its periphery in scraping position adjacent the inner wall of said chamber.

33. In an apparatus for heat treating hydrocarbon oils, a treatment chamber having a wall adapted to be heated. means for heating the wall of said chamber, and an clliptically shaped perforate agitating vane mounted. to rotate on an axis inclined to the plane of the vane and having all of its periphery positioned directly adjacent and in position for scraping the interior of the heated portion of the wall of said chamber.

34. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a laterally extending elongated treatment chamber having an intake opening, and an outlet pipe opening in its lower side adjacent one end of said chamber and a second outlet pipe opening adjacent the opposite end, and an agitator member within said chamber and positioned between and not o-pposite said outlet openings, said agitator member comprising means to effect an endwise pulsating movement of the oil material within said chamber.

35. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a' laterally extending elongated treatment chamber having an intake opening. and an outlet pipe opening in its lower side adjacent one end of said chamber and a second outlet pipe opening adjacent the opposite end, a combined agitator and scraper member within said chamber and positioned between and not opposite said outlet openings, said agitator member comprising means to effect an endwise pulsating movement of the oil material within said chamber, and heating means for heating the chamber opposite the agitator and scraper member.

36. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, 2. laterally extending cylindrical treatment chamber having an intake opening, and an outlet pipe opening in its lower side, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, and a itator means mounted on said shaft and adapted to rotate therewith and spaced centrally through the length of said chamher, and a-gitatorimcans mounted on said shaft and adapted to rotate therewith and positioned between said .outlet openings,

said shaft and agitator means together comprising means for providing an endwise pulsating movement of the oil undergoing treatment.

38. In an apparatus for treating hydro- I carbon oils, a laterally extending cylindrical treatment chamber having an intake opening, and an outlet pipeopening in its lower side, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, and a series of elliptically shaped agitating vanes fixed on. said shaft and adapted to rotate therewith, said vanes being positioned to one side of but not opposite said outlet opening, said shaft and vanes together constituting means for providing an endwise pulsating movement of the oil undergoing treatment.

39. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a laterally extending cylindrical treatment chamber having an intake opening, and a plurality of outlet openings in its lower side, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, and a series of ellipticallyy shaped agitating vanes fixed on said shaft and adapted to rotate therewith, said vanes being positioned between but not'opposite said outlet openings, said shaft and vanes together constituting means for providing an endwise pi'ilsating movement of the oil undergoing treatment.

40. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, a laterally extending cylindrical treatment chamber having an intake opening, and. an outlet pipe opening in its lower side, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said chamber, a series of elliptically shaped agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft, the periphery of each vane being in constant fixed close relation to the inner wall of said chamber, and heating means for heating said chamber and itscontents by heat applied to the exterior of said chamber, said vanes and said heating means being located in spaced relation from said outlet opening, said shaft and vanes together constituting means for providing an endwise pulsating movement of the oil undergoing treatment.

-41. In an apparatus for treating hydroviding an endwise pulsating carbon oils, a laterally extending cylindrical treatment chamber having an intake opening, and a plurality of outlet openings-in its lower side, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length of said cha mbcr,-a series of elliptically shaped agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft, the

periphery of each vane being in constant fixed close relation to the inner wall of said chamber, and heating means for heating said chamber and its contents by heat applied to the exterior of said chamber, said vanes and-said heating means being located between said outlet openings and not opposite said openings, said' shaft and vanes together constituting means for proing means being opposite to each other and both being Spaced from said outlet opemng,

said shaftand vanes together constituting means for providing an endwlse pulsating movement ofthe oil undergoing treatment.

43. In an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon oils, :1 laterally extending cylindrical treatment chamber having an intake opening, and'a plurality of outlet openings in its lower side, a rotatable shaft extending centrally through the length ofsaid chamber, a series of elliptically shaped agitating and scraping vanes fixed on said shaft, the pe riphery of each vane being in constant fixed closerelation to the inner wall of said chamber, and heating means for heating said chamber and its contents by heat applied to the exterior of said chamber, said vanes and said heating means being opposite each other and both being located between said outlet openings and not opposite said openings, said shaft and vanes together constituting means for providing an endwise pulsating movement of the oil undergoing treatment.

44. Apparatus for treating hydrocarbon materials comprising a tubular treatment chamber, means for heating said chamber, a plurality of cleaner elements in said chamber freely movable in situ'therein, and conveyer means within said tubular chamber for moving said cleaner elements in situ therein, said cleaner elements being moved movement of within said chambe'fbutfree to roll or tumplurality of metal ball cleaner elements in' said chamber and freely movable in situ therein, and a rotary conveyer member Within said tubular chamber for moving said metal ball cleaner elements in 'situ lengthwise of said chamber.

47. Apparatus for treating liquids comprising a tubular casing, agitator means within said casing, said agitator means constituting means for providing an endwise pulsating movement of the material undergoing treatment, and means forheating the exterior. of said casing at a point opposite said agitator means.

l8. Apparatus for treating liquids comprising a tubular casing, agitator means within said casing including plate -means having its edges so closely adjacent to the inner walls of the inner casing as to substantially prevent the passage between said plate means and said casing of material undergoing treatment, means for moving said plate means to effect an endwise pulsating movement of the material undergoing treatment, and means for heating the exterior of said casing at a point opposite said agitator means.

49. Apparatus for treating liquids com- .prising a tubular casing, agitator means within said casing positioned for preventing travel of material undergoing treatment between said agitator means and said casing wall, said agitator means constituting means for providing an cndwise pulsating movement of the material undergoing treatment, and means for heating the exterior of said casing at a point opposite said agitator means.

50. In apparatus for treating liquid comprising a tubular casing.'a plurality of vanes spaced apart and rotatably mounted in said casing, a freely movable cleaner element betwecn'adjaeent vanes, and actuating means for rotatably moving said vanes. said actuating means and vanes together constituting combined means for moving said cleaner element lengthwise of said chamber within prescribed limits therein.

In testimony whereof I aflix my, signature.

LEVI H. MANNING. 

